microcontroller Programming

The AVR 8-Bit RISC Microcontroller from Atmel is a very common Microcontroller It's a single integrated circuit with EEPROM, Ram, Analog to Digital converter, a lot of digital input and output lines, timers, UART for RS 232 communication and many other things.

The best is however that a complete programming environment is available under Linux: You can program this Microcontroller in C using GCC. In this article I will explain how to install and use GCC. I will as well explain how to load the software into the Microcontroller. All you need for this are an AT90S4433 Microcontroller, a 4Mhz crystal, some cable and a few other very cheap parts.

ATmega8

A monitoring and protection circuit for 1-cell and 2-cell Li-ion applications that require high security and authentication, accurate monitoring, low cost, and high utilization of the cell energy. The microcontroller includes 8KB self-programming flash program memory, 512-Bytes SRAM, 256-Bytes EEPROM, 1 or 2 cells in series, over-current, high-current and short-circuit protection, 12-bit voltage A/D converter, 18-bit coulomb counter current A/D converter, and debugWire interface for on-chip debug. The device features autonomous battery protection during charging and discharging, and supports very accurate accumulated current measurements using an 18-bit ADC with a resolution of 0.84??V. It also supports up to 4 MIPS throughput at 4MHz. 1.8 - 9V operation. Parameter Name Value Program Memory Type Flash Program Memory (KB) 8 CPU Speed (MIPS) 16 RAM Bytes 1 Data EEPROM (bytes) 512 Digital Communication Peripherals 1-UART, 1-SPI, 1-I2C Capture/Compare/PWM Peripherals 11 CCP3 Comparators 1 Temperature Range (C) -40 to 85 Operating Voltage Range (V) 2.7 to 5.5 Pin Count 32 Cap Touch Channels 12

Serial Program

                                org         0h

                nop

                call          masukserial

                mov       dptr,#MyCharacter

loop:                      clr           A

                Movc     A,@A+dptr

                cjne       A,#0,Next

                sjmp      loop1

Next:                     call          out

                inc          dptr

                sjmp      loop

loop1:                   call          input

                cjne       A,#'1',next1

                mov       P0,#30h

                mov       p1,#31h

               

next1:                   cjne       A,#'2',next2

                mov       P0,#31h

                mov       p1,#30h

next2:                   cjne       A,#'3',nextx

                mov       P0,#39h

                mov       p1,#34h

nextx:                   sjmp      loop1

;

masukserial:

                mov       scon,#52h ; Konfigurasi komunikasi serial mode 1

                mov       tmod,#20h ; Baud rate 2400 BPS

                                MOV     TH0,#81H

                                MOV     TL0,#4AH

                                MOV     TH1,#0f3h

                                MOV     TL1,#32H

                setb       tr1

                                SETB      PT1

                                SETB      ET1

                                SETB      EA

                                ret

;

input:

detecti:                jnb         ri,detecti ; Deteksi bit RI apakah data sudah diterima  atau belum

                clr           ri

                mov       a,sbuf

                ret

;

out:

detecto:               jnb         ti,detecto;

                clr           ti ;

                mov       sbuf,a ;

                ret

;

MyCharacter:

                DB ' Tekan Tombol 1, 2 atau 3',13,10,0

                End

      

The Program of Running Led

org         0h

                jmp        mulai

mulai:

cek1:     jb            p1.0,cek2                             ; cek penekanan tombol 2

             call          kanan                                   ; call label kanan

cek2:     jb            p1.1,cek3                             ; cek penekanan tombol 1

              call          kiri

cek3:     jb            p1.2,cek1

             call          mati                                       ; call label kiri

             sjmp      mulai                                     ; kembali ke label mulai

;--------------------------------------------

kanan:               mov       a,#01111111b                    ; isi data accu dengan     01111111b

kanan1:             mov       p0,a                                   ; isi data accu di p0

                         call          delay                                ; call delay

                         jb            p1.1,terus                        ;cek penekanan tombol pada kanan1

                         sjmp      kembali                             ; kembali ke label kembali

terus:                jb            p1.2,terus1                         ; cek penekanan tombol pada terus1

                        sjmp      kembali                                ; kembali ke kembali

terus1: 

                        rr             a                                   ; putar data accu ke kanan

                      cjne       a,#11111110b,kanan1    ;bandingkan data 11111110b dengan data di accu lalu ke label                     kanan1

                       sjmp      kanan1                            ; kembali ke label kanan1

kembali:               ret

                                                                                ; kembali ke program awal

kiri:         mov       a,#11111110b                    ; isi data accu dengan 11111110b

kiri1:      mov       p0,a                                       ; isi data accu di p0

                call          delay

                                                                ; call delay

                jb            p1.2,next                             ; cek penekanan tombol pada next

                sjmp      back                                       ; kembali ke label back

next:     jb            p1.0,next1                          ; cek penekanan tombol paada next1

                sjmp      back                                       ; kembali ke label back

next1:   rl             a                                              ; putar data accu ke kiri

                cjne    a,#011111111b,kiri1            ; bandingkan data 01111111b dengan data di accu lalu ke kiri1

                sjmp      kiri1                                        ; kembali ke label kiri1

back:     ret                                                          ; kembali ke program awal

mati:      mov       a,#11111111b

mati1:   mov       p0,a

                call          delay

                jb            p1.0,lanjut

                sjmp      kanan

lanjut:   jb            p1.1,lanjut1

                sjmp      kiri

               

lanjut1: jmp        mulai

                ret

;===========================================

;subroutine delay time

delay:    mov       r2,#180                                 ; isi data register 2 dangan 180h

delay1: mov       r3,#250                                 ; isi data register 3 dengan 250h

delay2: djnz       r3,delay2                             ; kurangi register 3 jika belum 0 jangan lompat ke delay2

                djnz       r2,delay1                             ; kurangi register 2 jika belum 0 jangan lompat ke delay1

                ret                                                          ; kembali ke program awal

                end                                                        ; program berakhir